Linking words em inglês: conectivos para falar e escrever melhor

Quem fala inglês em frases curtas e soltas (“I went. It was good. It was expensive.”) soa robótico. Os linking words, ou conectivos, ligam essas ideias e deixam a fala e a escrita naturais: “I went, and it was good, but it was a bit expensive.”

Por função

Somar

Conectivo	Exemplo
and	”It’s cheap and fast.”
also	”She also speaks French.”
plus	”It’s close, plus it’s cheap.”
besides	”Besides, I don’t have time.”
on top of that	”On top of that, it started raining.”

Contrastar

Conectivo	Exemplo
but	”I like it, but it’s expensive.”
however	”It’s good. However, it’s expensive.”
although	”Although it’s late, I’ll call her.”
even though	”Even though I studied, I failed.”
on the other hand	”On the other hand, it’s very safe.”

Causa e consequência

Conectivo	Exemplo
because	”I stayed home because I was sick.”
since	”Since you’re here, let’s start.”
so	”I was tired, so I went to bed.”
that’s why	”That’s why I love this city.”
as a result	”As a result, sales went up.”

Exemplo e explicação

Conectivo	Exemplo
for example / for instance	”Some fruits, for example mangoes, are…“
like	”I love sports like tennis.”
I mean	”It’s hard. I mean, not impossible.”
in other words	”In other words, we need more time.”

Ordem e conclusão

Conectivo	Exemplo
first, then, after that	”First, open the file. Then, save it.”
finally / in the end	”In the end, we decided to stay.”
anyway	”Anyway, let’s get back to work.”
overall	”Overall, it was a great trip.”

Fala x escrita formal

Na conversa	Em texto formal
but	however, nevertheless
so	therefore, consequently
also, plus	furthermore, moreover
anyway	in conclusion

Usar “furthermore” numa conversa de bar soa como discurso. Na fala, prefira os curtos.

Como passar a usar

Leia a lista, escolha cinco conectivos e use em voz alta durante a semana, narrando o seu dia. Nas séries, repare como os personagens usam “I mean”, “anyway” e “so” o tempo todo para organizar a fala. No Telidioma, clicar no conectivo mostra o papel dele naquela frase. Para treinar a fala com eles, veja como melhorar a conversação.